Excerpts translated from Dissertation of Doctor of Medicine, Nasser Drakhshan, at the Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Germany, 1995.History of Oxygen Therapies (Translated title of the Thesis).

In 1979, a German, Professor Dr med, A. Pakdaman developed the first process to enrich water with oxygen to 60 mg O2/l. In 1988 he introduced oral oxygen therapy into the clinical medicine and nutrition. Pakdaman’s process uses an ion physical linkage of molecular O2 and H2O molecules. The O2 molecules lodge themselves in the "voids" formed between the H2O molecules, which are covered with a protective water membrane. Direct contact with mitochondria cell tissues (glands, intestine, liver, kidney, brain, heart, etc) ruptures the sealing membrane and the released oxygen is then readily available to the cell.

Oxygen will be mostly absorbed by diffusion and osmosis through cells in the stomach and intestine and will enter the body’s blood circulation system through the portal vein. Such additional oxygen can perform all the same functions as the oxygen absorbed through the lungs. Several structures of our organs participate in the absorption and transportation of the oxygen. Among them are the villi and cells containing mitochondrion in the small intestine as well as the lymph system.

One of the many pollutants in our ground, surface and drinking water is Nitrate (NO3). Bacteria in the water will reduce the nitrate to nitrite, which in turn can evolve into e.g. nitrosamines, a known cancer causing substance. Especially vulnerable are small children, who can suffer from hemoglobin blockages. The oxygen in the water can drastically reduce the levels of nitrate and 1992 tests by the Hygiene Institute of the University of Düsseldorf have shown that oxygen enriched water can reduce nitrate by up to 500%.


Scientifically confirmed effects of oxygen on the human body (are):

  • Improved oxygen utilisation disorder and cellular hypoxia (oxygen starvation);

  • Correction of hypoventilation due to functional weakness of the respiratory tract, by virtue of oxygen transport directly into the blood circulation via the gastrointestinal tract and portal vein;

  • Correction of disorders of intracellular respiration caused by anemia, enzyme defect, poisoning etc;

  • Conversion of anaerobic metabolism in cancer cells, inhibiting the growth of malignant cells;

  • Prophylactic and therapeutic improvement of migraine due to reduction of cerebral hypoxia;

  • Immune system stimulation and modulation: leucocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, natural killer cells;

  • Elevation of cellular energy delivery and increases in physical and psychological ability;

  • Improvements of cell metabolism and biological oxidation through increased availability of oxygen for the mitochondrion and also influencing the regulation of cellular calcium ion concentration;

  • Acceleration of body detoxification via activation of cytochrome P-450 in the liver;

  • Improvements of the micro-circulation in the capillary blood vessels;

  • Improvement of myocardial hypoxia and prevention of heart tissue necrosis insufficiency;

  • Regulation of blood pressure through effects on chemo-receptors in the carotid and aortic bodies;

  • Increased number of blood cells; erythrocytes, Hct, Hb and platelets;

  • Antibacterial and antiviral effect, especially on anaerobic bacteria;

  • Cytotoxic effect on campylobactor pylori, plus other gastric and intestinal mucosa improvements;

  • Neutralization of the stomach acids secreted by the parietal cells and transformation into water;

  • Acceleration of the wound-healing process (washing and cleansing of open wounds).

Suggested applications (were): restrictive/obstructive lung diseases; gastric and intestinal ailments; vegetative disorders; arterial hypertony, hypertension, irregular heart rhythms; micro-circulation disorders; toxicity; poisoning; migraine; infections; wound healing; scotoma, sicca-syndromes, immune dysfunction; immune diseases; oncology (cancer).


Side effects: No side effects have arisen.

Material exchange of maligned cells are mostly based on an anaerobic condition, also called fermentation. The lack of oxygen creates an anaerobic metabolism and production of lactate and pyruvic acid. Such conditions are conducive to cancer development (and infections), which can be markedly improved by a consumption of oxygen-enriched water one hour prior to each meal. Professor Pakdaman pioneered oral oxygen trials in 1990 with cancer patients (11 different organs) in a clinical setting with controls and tumor monitoring, blood and cellular immune status tests. Utilizing 150 ml, 3 times a day (average oxygen level: 45 mg/l), after 6-8 weeks revealed significant improvements, especially for the leukocytes, monocytes, granulocytes and natural killer cells. In addition, the numbers of erythrocytes, Hb, Hct, and platelets also increased. The vast majority of the main group showed improved blood tests and immune systems. In comparison, the patients in the control group all showed continuing deteriorating results.


Conclusion by Dr. Med. N. Drakhshan:

Oral O2 therapy is not widely used. It is surprising that the therapy, which has no side effects and does not need constant doctor’s supervision, has not found a wider audience. One of the main reasons is the lack of production of adequate levels of oxygen-enriched water, commercially available only relatively recently.


Other Studies

More recently, at a medical congress accredited by the European Society of Medical Oncology, one of the main topics was the fatigue syndrome, which results from the anemia induced by the tumor and also from radiation and chemotherapy. It has long been known that hypoxic tumors are more resistant to both the immune system and medical treatments. It emerged at this symposium, that oxygen therapy improves the host’s defence against the tumor, its side own effects also those of conventional medical treatments itself, and was aptly described as “an interesting solution in oncology”. (Oxygen & Cancer, Seville, Sept 2000)

Oxygenated mineral water therapy for duodenal ulcer speeds up the rate of Enteral (intestinal) wound healing, shortens the time of arresting the pain syndrome and makes it possible to discharge clinical patients earlier for outpatient treatment (Godetski V, et al, Ter Arch, 57(10), 1985) (Article in Russian).

Human cells are mostly water and the human body is roughly 60% water by weight (Gerstein M, and Levitt M, Scientific American, November 1998). The oxygen composition of the human body is 65% of the total body weight (Scientific Tables, Documenta Geigy, 1962). Evidently, “we are what we drink!”

To put the above information into perspective, consider the words written by Sir Robert McCarrison, Director of the Laboratory of Human Nutrition, University of Oxford, in the Cantor Lectures to the Royal Society in 1936: “Strictly speaking, both oxygen and water are to be treated as foods, for of all the supplies on which the body are dependent, they are chief.” (McCarrison R, Nutrition and Health, 1961)




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